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Dec23
Biofuels, well to wheel
The environmental impacts of biofuels are starting to be examined seriously - with some interesting results.
If you account for the energy used in the production and conversion process of some algae-derived fuels, apparently you find that it can take more energy than is produced by the resultant conversion to fuel. The energy return on energy invested ranged from 0.65 to 4.1, where values less than 1 imply negative net energy production and values over 3 are really needed for sustainability.
Production of biodiesel, and bioelectricity from direct combustion, seemed to be the most promising combinations.
Algae produce more energy/unit of land than canola or switchgrass. Use of water and emissions were less clear-cut.
An abstract of the article can be viewed free of charge, or the whole article purchased, on the Environmental Science and Technology website.
This kind of 'well-to'wheel' or 'well-to-tailpipe' comparison is invaluable.
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